Assessment in Schools Essay

1. Purposes behind Assessment Diagnosis: helping youngsters to set up a pattern and comprehend their advancement, quality and grow needs. Acknowledgment and inspiration: recording and compensating learners’ progress and accomplishment. Standard setting: affirming levels and limits of accomplishment Differentiation and choice: empowering bosses and advanced education suppliers to comprehend what youngsters have accomplished, and how people contrast and their companions. 2. Motivation behind Assessment. Determination Standards Teachers input Motivation Assess status for future learning. Groundwork forever â€Å"life resembles this† Evaluate educational plan viability Information to others Statement of educational plan Attainment Record of progress-after some time 3. Pattern and benchmarking Purpose of standard plan Characteristics of a gauge plot Chapter 4. Target Setting 6. Evaluation for learning. Appraisal for learning is tied in with supporting study hall learning and educating. It associates evaluation and picking up/instructing. What is evaluation for realizing? Evaluation for learning. is a piece of viable arranging centers around how understudies learn is perceived as vital to study hall practiceâ is a key proficient ability is touchy and valuable cultivates inspiration advances comprehension of objectives and causes students realize how to improve build up the limit with regards to evaluation perceives every single instructive accomplishment Key Issue: 1. Contribution, conversation and criticism Sharing measures Discussion Feedback Involvement 2. Arranging and proof Gathering proof Recording individual learning plans Planning for people 3. Organization Partnership with guardians and understudies 7. Appraisal as learning Assessment as learning is tied in with figuring out how to learn. It associates getting the hang of/instructing and educational program. What is Assessment as realizing? Key issues: 1. Understudies as students Reflection Reporting Self/peer appraisal Motivation 2. Instructors as students Developing evaluation strategy Interpreting proof Collaboration 3. The board of learning Management underpins Manageability 8. Appraisal of Learning Assessment of learning is tied in with social event and deciphering the proof. It interfaces educational plan and appraisal. Get-together and deciphering proof Teacher evaluation is as a matter of first importance about helping students to learn. Major standards Developing Assessment Instruments Application of evaluation instrument Assessment as a finish of-key-stage process Management and observing of appraisal, recording and revealing Recording and proof Planning Reporting to guardians and gatekeepers Assessment as a continuous procedure. Moving Marking and giving input to understudies Using evaluation data to screen progress towards meeting targets Internal/External Assessment Grading Systems Chapter One(1) 1. Purposes behind Assessment Diagnosis: helping youngsters to set up a gauge and comprehend their advancement, quality and grow needs. It is an increasingly nitty gritty sort of assessing the student to discover their capacity, abilities, level of execution, information, understanding, IQ and so forth. Determination causes the educator to have the option to discover the regions of shortcoming of the understudies and their regions of solidarity. It is from these that the educator will along with the understudy plan on a potential strategy to taken so as to help the understudies to meet the instructive they may have. The educator may choose the understudies who need further assessment by the authority to affirm on the off chance that they are confronted with a learning trouble that the instructor will most likely be unable to analyze. This is done in light of a legitimate concern for the understudy I. e. to help him/her defeat the regions of shortcoming and attempt to find the remainder of the understudies. The evaluation assignments ought to be changed in solidarity to have the option to discover the various capacities of the understudies. Acknowledgment and inspiration: recording and remunerating learners’ progress and accomplishment. Appraisal is additionally conveyed with a point of compensating understudy as indicated by their presentation. In certain schools identifications are structured and made to be worn by the top achievers specifically branch of knowledge and in the general execution at each evaluation or stage. The esteem that goes with strolling around the school wearing such an identification persuades understudies to vie for the identifications and feel perceived by their friends as great entertainers in a specific zone of study say science, arithmetic, dialects or even in humanities and applied subjects. In the event that one figures out how to win two three or more identifications they are held in respect by their kindred understudies and given a ton of acknowledgment both inside the school and out. This acknowledgment fills in as a persuading factor for the students to make a solid effort to accomplish in their investigations and other field like in sports. Essentially, such acknowledgment urges understudies to keep up their elevated expectations consistently inspired by a paranoid fear of demolishing the picture they may have made for themselves consequently it helps in molding their character. Sadly, a portion of those low achievers might need to be perceived in an alternate manner consequently may fall back on undesirable conduct. Standard setting: affirming levels and edges of accomplishment. Evaluation causes the educator to set measures of execution in his/her class at specific stages or levels of learning. Along these lines the understudies will be made mindful of the desire by their instructors concerning execution henceforth they will endeavor to fulfill the set guideline. Except if the standard of execution is set numerous individuals will in general unwind and next to no exertion will be made to accomplish the objectives and targets. The setting of principles will assist with heading out apathy from among the understudies and the educators. On the off chance that the students and educators realize they have a standard of execution they have to gauge to, it will make a sense duty in them. It is imperative to have standard of execution set and clarified both to the students and the instructor. Separation and determination: empowering bosses and advanced education suppliers to comprehend what youngsters have accomplished, and how people contrast and their friends. Evaluation separates students at all levels whether it is the prime reason for the appraisal or not. Some way or another, there the individuals who will develop at the highest point of the entire gathering. It is this separation that will decide the admission of understudies into the following degree of their training. Most determination is done based of the appraisal that has just been completed at the past degree of study. Toward the end their course the majority of the understudies are normally granted with declarations of legitimacy. It depends on these testaments that their planned businesses base their thought of choosing potential representatives and welcoming them for interviews. For the most part, the higher the capability one has, the more ability or assignments he has experienced to accomplish what he has accomplished. Thusly, the more the information one is esteemed to have procured and along these lines increasingly equipped hands on showcase. In this manner the rating of the people against the presentation of their companions which suggests how they are probably going to reasonable at the specific employment advertise. Part two(2) 2. Reason for Assessment. Appraisal is conveyed for different reasons some of which are talked about underneath. Choice Institutions base their choices and affirmation of understudies on national assessments done by the understudies at end of level assessment. Typically evaluation results are utilized to rank understudies as far as execution and capacity paying little heed to the various conditions under which they took their assessments. The organizations continue to pick those they feel fit the bill to meet their necessities for enrolment into explicit courses. Along these lines a rundown of essentials is attracted to help the selectors pick the individuals who fall inside the effectively set cutoff points. Gauges The principles of an appraisal are dictated by the instructive arrangement of a nation and the partner of the training framework. The measures set in the nation will decide distributions from the budgetary pack at national level. For example, to improve and keep up a significant level of execution in the instruction area the educator understudy proportion ought to be little, asset made ought to be accessible to the understudies particularly science situated subjects. The gauges are set at the national level, at that point at the school level lastly at the study hall level. The norms of execution will mirror the understudy capacity to advance on with their scholastics to a more significant level. Teachers’ input Teachers use appraisal to get criticism from understudies to empower them in the getting ready for additional guidance to the understudies. The criticism help the instructors to know whether the set goals of learning are being met or not. This implies each educator needs to do evaluation at once or another over the span of training the understudies for learning. They will have the option to know whether they are gaining ground, and if not what could be the potential explanations behind their inability to meet the set targets. These may imply that their methods for guidance be acclimated to suit the student instructive need inside the class. Inspiration Feedback from evaluation can be utilized as a help to the understudies and the educator particularly when the outcomes demonstrate that positive learning is being accomplished. The educator feels that his exertion have not been squandered all things considered while the understudies will feel that their endeavors have been remunerated by having the option to quantify to the measures of the instructors or analysts. Accordingly the two gatherings will set out for their work and obligation with a ton of excitement subsequently positive appraisal result are an inspiration. The guardians will on a similar hand feels that their assets are being used by their children or potentially little girls and will be roused to make greater venture. Evaluate availability for future learning. Appraisal encourages instructive organizers to decide the capacity of understudies to advance in advanced education

Chapters 4-6 of The Great Gatsby

Sections 4-6 of The Great Gatsby uncovered a ton about Jay Gatsby to the perusers. The primary thing to leap out at me was that Jay Gatsby’s genuine name is really James Gatz. Likewise, Gatsby uncovered that his folks were initially from the mid-western city of San Francisco. It turned out to be evident that Gatsby was carrying on with an existence of vulnerability and that he was a secret who pursued riches and significance. The connection among Gatsby and Nick changed significantly over these parts. It is evident that Nick lost some regard for Gatsby, when he started discovering some key insights concerning his life and where he really originated from. When going to school, Gatsby dropped out following fourteen days since he couldn’t handle the dedicated profession as a janitor to help himself and endure school. When Gatsby requests that Nick go to Coney Island, Nick decreases his offer. Following, Nick is asked by Gatsby to swim, he says that he simply needs to hit the sack. Since Nick is getting some answers concerning Jay, he doesn’t truly need such a lot to do with him. Another creating relationship is the one among Gatsby and Daisy, who recently felt weak at the knees over one another. In spite of being hitched, Daisy begins to look all starry eyed at Gatsby after Nick sets up for them to see each other in mystery, without Tom discovering. Gatsby educates Daisy regarding how he generally imagined about having her affection, and being together. Lamentably for Gatsby, who needs Daisy to leave Tom, Daisy doesn’t make some great memories at his next gathering. Tom, who doesn’t like or trust Gatsby, joined Daisy for the following party to watch out. Clearly, Daisy and Gatsby couldn't interface in how they would have preferred to, and things got ungainly and terrible. As every part unfurls, we are finding out increasingly more about Jay Gatsby, or James Gatz, and who he truly is.

Still waiting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Still waiting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Admissions Office has been fielding many calls and emails regarding decisions.     We have not forgotten you.   We began releasing decisions on Wednesday and continue to release decisions as they become available.   If you have not heard from us yet, it does not mean your application is in a better or worse position.   It only means that the Admissions Committee did not complete their evaluation of your application yet.   We hope to provide decisions for every submitted and complete application by the end of next week.   Thank you for your patience.

Symbolism In The Tell Tale Heart And The Tell Tale Heart

How does the symbolism affect the meaning of a written piece, does it make it more or less important? Symbolism is used to represent ideas; that may imply deeper, hidden meaning than what the text directly states. Symbolism can be used in different ways throughout different books; for example, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"Once upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer, contain a variety of symbolism that have the possibility of having two or more meanings. The problem with this is identifying what the text could really mean, and how that changes the story. How does comparing the use of symbolism in both stories and showing the difference in the stories direct text and length, with and without the implied symbolism, answer the†¦show more content†¦He has the old man murdered in his personal bedroom in his bed as the killers weapon. Symbolism in this work of literature is highly important; without it the story would be a slightly confusing,sho wn in the ending of the story when the murder hears the heartbeat, getting louder and louder, but nobody else can hear it and then admits his guilt attempting to stop the sound, metaphorically saying that the guilt (represented by the heart) he carried with him after murdering the old man grew and grew as if it was going to burst out of him, leading him to confess so his subconscious (also represented by the heart ) would be put at ease. Evident by the following quote,†Villains!† I shrieked ,†dissemble no more!I admit the deed! --tear up the planks!--here, here!--It is the beating of his hideous heart!†. Without the use of symbolism in these quotes, the meaning of the quotes and the rest of the piece would mean something completely different; Similar to what would happen in, â€Å"Once Upon a Time† by Nadine Gordimer, if you took out the symbolic pieces and read it specifically as it was written. Like in Poe’s previously stated piece, â€Å"Once Upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer is mostly made up of symbolism due to the fact that the story takes placeShow MoreRelatedThe Tell-Tale Heart and Symbolism1208 Words   |  5 PagesLike many of Edgar Allen Poes works, The Tell-Tale Heart is full of death and darkness. Poe used many of the real life tragedies he experienced as inspiration for his gothic style of writing. Poe dealt with many aspects of death and madness in his stories, madness again is playing a key role in the plot. In this short story Poe used literary devices such as point of view and symbolism to give it a more dramatic effect and add to the madness the narrator portrays. Poes use ofRead MoreSymbolism In Tell Tale Heart704 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism in Tell Tale Heart Introduction To fully understand the strange and disturbing short story of Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, one must understand the main character that is narrating the story. Despite the narrator’s best efforts to show that he is smart, wise and above all else sane. The reader gets the feeling that there is more to the story. Body of the essay The story of Tell Tale Heart is about a man describing how and why he killed the elderly man that he was living with whileRead More Symbolism and Irony in The Tell-Tale Heart Essay2249 Words   |  9 PagesSymbolism   and Irony in The Tell-Tale Heart In Edgar Allan Poes short story The Tell-Tale Heart, the author combines vivid symbolism with subtle irony. Although the story runs only four pages, within those few pages many examples of symbolism and irony abound. In short, the symbolism and irony lead to an enormously improved story as compared to a story with the same plot but with these two elements missing. The Tell-Tale Heart consists of a monologue in which the murderer ofRead MoreSymbolism In Edgar Allen Poes The Tell Tale Heart1174 Words   |  5 Pages How does the symbolism affect the meaning of a written piece, does it make it more or less important? Symbolism is used to represent ideas; that may imply deeper, hidden meaning than what the text directly states. Symbolism can be used in different ways throughout different books; for example, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"Once upon a Time†, by Nadine Gordimer, contain a variety of symbolism that have the possibility of having two or more meanings. The problem with this is identifyingRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe1155 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Like many of Edgar Allen Poes works, The Tell-Tale Heart is full of death and darkness. Poe used many of the real life tragedies he experienced as inspiration for his gothic style of writing. Poe dealt with many aspects of death and madness in his stories, madness again is playing a key role in the plot. In this short story Poe used literary devices such as point of view and symbolism to give it a more dramatic effect and add toRead MoreSymbolism in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart In Poes The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator claims that he is not mad but his behavior tells a different story. He is truly determined to destroy another male human being, not because of jealousy or animosity but because one of his eyes resembled that of a vulture- a pale blue eye, with a film over it (1206). The narrator sees the man with this ghastly eye as a threat to his well being, but it is he who is a menace to his own being. HeRead MoreConflict And Symbolism In Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart1117 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, a short story about internal conflict and obsession, showcases the tortured soul due to a guilty conscience. The story opens with an unnamed narrator describing a man deranged and plagued with a guilty conscience for a murderous act. Edgar Allan Poe was a very popular and magnificent writer back in his day, around the 1800s. You may or may not have heard of him, but, he’s very popular for his dark and haunting poetry and short stories. Two of his most popularRead More Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and the Symbolism of the Eye1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthe genius responsible for dark, twisting, and often uncomfortably wondrous gothic tales, and one of the best is The Tell-Tale Heart. This is a classic tale of a confused man who is so incredibly bothered by his housemates eye, that he (I am assuming this sexless character is male) thinks the only solution is to resort to cold-blooded murder. Poe incorporates the symbol of the old mans eye in The Tell-Tale Heart, which has both physical and psychological meaning, it also helps to develop theRead MoreTell Tale Heart Analysis1176 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially famous for his tales of mystery and macabre. A popular dark short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† and one of his first and most famous poems, â€Å"The Raven,† are no exception. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a story of murder narrated by the culprit himself, while â€Å"The Raven† is a melancholy poem about a distraught lover and a talking raven. The reason why the two works are so well known is because of the effect of Poe’s excellent use of literary devices. Throughout â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Raven,†Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper and the Tell Tale Heart Analysis1189 Words   |  5 PagesHawkins 1 Deidre Professor Connors English 102-15 March 12, 2011 Narrative Unreliability and Symbolisms in â€Å"The Tell -Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† â€Å"The Tell -Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, was released in 1843. It is one of Poe’s shortest stories and provides a look into paranoia and mental deterioration. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was released in 1899. This story also provides a look into mental deterioration and had been misinterpreted when it was

Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method and...

Three of the earliest teaching methods were the Grammar-Translation Method, the Direct Method, and the Audio-lingual Method. Discuss these three methods. Also, explain their shortcomings which led to more current approaches in the teaching of grammar to L2 speakers. 1. i) Grammar Translation Method (GTM): Grammar-translation method is the extension of the Classical method which began in Germany (Prussia) in the late 18th century. It was then become popular in the early 19th century. It is one of the earliest teaching methods and was considered as the first institutionalized and the oldest method of language teaching. This is because; GTM was an adopted language teaching method in various schools. In the book, â€Å"The Empirical Evidence†¦show more content†¦By the time GTM was used in normal schools, a new form of method has been developed focusing on the speaking skills. It was then used widely in the private schools, particularly at the Berlitz schools. 2. i) Berlitz or Direct Method: Berlitz or Direct method was first introduced in the 19th century which attempt to build a methodology around observation of child language learning. This method has emphasized more on speaking and listening and uses little emphasize on grammar. This method was developed as a response to the Grammar-Translation method. It required immersing learners the same way L1 is learnt. L2 is used in teaching while grammar is taught inductively. There is a focus on speaking and listening, and only useful ‘everyday language is taught. Major techniques such as the questioning technique were used to elicit student oral production as well as an importance on the ‘here and now’. Moreover, Direct method is the secondary role of grammar. This is because; grammar is deemphasized in speech as it is a direct effect of these techniques. The development of phonetic and phonology somehow has given Direct method an advantage during that time. However, the w ay teachers’ teach is more important rather than any scientific rationale about this method. ii) Shortcomings of Direct Method: There are many critics regarding this method. First of all, many abstract words cannot be interpreted directly in EnglishShow MoreRelatedLinguistic Theories Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn the past, the study of grammar has been investigated for centuries, it was also significantly role in language teaching and learning. The reasons for teaching and learning are different in each period. In some eras, a major aim of teaching and learning was making learners to be able to communicate. In others, it was essentially taught for the purposes of reading and writing. For these reasons, the studies of two linguistic theories, the traditional grammar and the structuralism were created.Read MoreWhat Links Theory Into Practice Within The Classroom1647 Words   |  7 Pagestheory into practice within the classroom. There are many different teaching methods that can be used in the classroom; in this essay I will compare and contrast the traditional grammar translation method, the communicative teaching approach and the audio-lingual method and the communicative approach and how they impact in the classroom environment. Deciding which method is best for the classroom can be difficult as each method has its own strengths and weaknesses both on teacher and the learner, oneRead MoreEnglish As A Foreign Language1136 Words   |  5 Pages Grammar teaching has an irreplaceable place in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) because of the fact that without grammar learners can use the language in a limited way; they may not achieve to fully express their intentions or meaning of the messages in a communication activity. It has been seen that throughout the history, the attention given to grammar teaching has differed from time to time. In the beginnings of the twentieth century, grammar teaching was regarded so essential that other aspectsRead More The Audio-Lingual Method for Teaching Languages1398 Words   |  6 Pageswill be the audio-lingual method which is a teaching method that was first used in the 1950s until the 1970s, although it could be safely stated that the method is regularly used in modern day language teaching. This essay will describe the functionality and history of the audio-lingual method as well as evaluate its usage compared to other mainstream teaching approaches. However before the method is analysed in itself, two factors must be recognised in order to understand the method. These factorsRead MoreThe Evolution of Second- and Foreign- Language Teaching1662 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough change in teaching methods; 2. Innovation through language-related sciences and research; 3. Technological innovation. During the nineteenth century, the Grammar-Translation Method with its emphasis on the transmission of structural rules and analysis of form served as the principal method of teaching modern and classical languages in schools. The goal of studying a foreign language was to learn the language so as to be able to read its literature. Grammar was taught deductively withRead MoreAudio Lingual Method2617 Words   |  11 PagesGGGV 2044 METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Semester 2 2009/2010 AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD: A DISCUSSION (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) LECTURER: DR. HAMIDAH BT. YAMAT @ AHMAD LISA KWAN SU LI A123040 TESL/2 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Audio-lingual Method (ALM), by its very name – â€Å"audio† and â€Å"lingual† – refers to a language teaching approach that focuses on two aspects of language, namely listening and speaking. Unlike its predecessor, the Grammar Translation Method, which focusesRead MoreThe Purpose Of Education1041 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish than by learning any other language’ (Crystal, 2003, p. 111). Also teaching English will help those who wish to pursue higher education in native countries and will open up a wide range of job opportunities. Certainly there are different methods in which students learn a language best. However based on my experience I would state that students learn a language best by immersing themselves in the language as much as possible, in order to grasp all different aspects of that language. LearnersRead MoreMethodological Approaches Test4679 Words   |  19 Pagesview of learning based on analytical processes. | Score 0.5 / 0.5 Question 5 (.125 points) Certain methods/approaches and trends state specific roles for the teachers and prescribe their types of behavior in the classroom. Below, there is a list about the role that, according to these trends, the teacher should fulfill in the classroom situation. Read it carefully and choose the method/approach it belongs to: Never translate: demonstrate Never explain: act Never make a speech: ask questionsRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching and Audio-Lingual Method3681 Words   |  15 Pagesby Abdul Bari Communicative Language Teaching and Audio-Lingual Method: Definition Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language. It is also referred to as â€Å"communicative approach to the teaching of foreign languages† or simply the â€Å"Communicative Approach.† The Audio-Lingual Method, or the Army Method, is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languagesRead MoreTeaching Methods For Teaching And Learning1809 Words   |  8 Pages Teaching Methods Introduction Although teaching and learning are closely related, they are different. Good teaching is measured by the quality of learning a student is getting as measured by the information the students will then have gained knowledge of. There is a high degree of connection between what has been learned by students and how they then grade the teacher and the subject area. Cohen, 1981; Theall and Franklin, (2001), postulate that learners awarded high marks to their teachers

Motivation Work Performance Free Essays

High performance organizations are those organizations with a culture that is flexible and encouraging dynamism, inventions, knowledge sharing, allowing diversities in working across boundaries, stimulates its people to be high performers; it is based on certain values and a great place to work. These key elements are believed to be what encourages the employees to be performing highly. Researchers use these organizations to find out several barriers as a result of cultural variations that subsequently contribute to low performance in the organization (Sanford and Bracey 1977). We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation Work Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such organizations have a pure formal structure of administration of which the positions in the organization have professionals. Any informality in the organization disqualifies it from being a high performance organization, since it has to have clear means of communication without misunderstandings from either the source, or towards the source. Members of such organization put mechanism in place that act in a mediating capacity to help resolve any arising matters that may result into a problem of the future e.g. if a member is rejecting another’s opinion then he is considered by being appraised positively in order to generate new opinions. Groups are people sharing one commonality. They (groups) exist because of a common interest that is necessary for the survival of individuals belonging to the group. An example of a group is the community which has a complex commonality. Groups can be informal and others can be formal depending with each one group’s interest. Group of young boys (peer group) can not be considered to be formal because of its nature of operation, even though they have their rules, regulations, code of conducts, and valued opinions amongst themselves. All the above mentioned about a peer group is not written anywhere, they all adapt to those factors through the natural process of learning as they socialize one another in relation to the society they live in. For such groups it is either you abide by the set standards in order to fit in, even if it is that bad, you either do it as a way of showing solidarity. Refusal whatsoever displays deviance and it could lead to punitive measures at times it could be death or rejection. In some instances it is correct to say that a group can improve itself till it gets to the status of a high performing organization. Some things have to be observed so that a group can finally increase its performance for better. The informal status of a group has to be changed; in that case it should have a formal procedure in terms of handling matters related to the affairs of the group. The other important initiative to consider is the manpower, and the availability of staff that are professionally fitting in the capacity they occupy in that group (Anderson 2001) Many groups have taken an initiative to offer their employees equal chances in terms of pursuing further education, or granting employees’ funds for studies. Such a move has a positive impact on the progress of the group towards becoming a high performer in future. Motivation is a concern of study that has varied approaches on how to define it, even though describing it seems a little more understandable and common to many of us i.e. running home very fast because of a possible down pour in the next ten, or so minutes. In such a situation is it the rain, or a person own determination and willingness to run that can be accounted for that state of motion, or action? Let’s consider here the fact that one energizes himself after thinking that he will be wet in no time unless h/she does something about it. Motivation can be described as a human’s internal state of being in need, or having a desire towards achieving a set goal, that goal is a target which acts as the source of energy we use while we engage ourselves in a goal directed/oriented behavior. This goal oriented behavior is believed to persistently continue until we achieve our set goal. Motivation thus can be said to be an activity that is result oriented, while we undergo an internal experience. Hertzberg’s two-factor-theories- of work and motivation, it is a clear and very simple theory which tends to confine itself to a circle of activities that revolve around the human-work relationship. As the theory goes it starts with satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In between the two is a neutral state; satisfaction is achieved through motivation which entails several other factors that make it achieve the state of satisfaction, they include; achieving the set goals, to move forward by advancing in whatever one is pursuing, being recognized as an important person, or personnel   in the organization, or place of work. Dissatisfaction is believed to be accelerated by several other factors that are coined into one title; hygiene factors, this factors include, low salary pay that really make one undergo too much constraints in his day to day budgeting while attempting to make ends meet, the other one is the company policies which are at times unfavorable to the employees by putting them on toes all the time throughout the working time at times draining the workers to the point of performing poorly; hence being in a constant conflict with management, the other factor is work mates who might not be getting along well with one of the employees; or even amongst themselves, one might feel out placed in such a situation, another last but not least hygiene factor is the supervisory styles from the management; supervisors at times are always a headache to employees because they at times clash at work with their juniors because most supervisors are poorly trained, of which it would have been better in the mai ntenance of good work relationship and performance in the company. A point to note is that when one will attempt to manage dissatisfaction h/she will get to the neutral state, and he needs to put in motivational factors in order to achieve satisfaction (Steers and Porter, 1987). Leaders are people who are thought to be intelligent than the persons they lead this assumption is based on the fact that they (leaders) have a greater influence to the people they lead than how the people can influence them. Leaders be it political ones, religious ones, diplomatic leaders, traditional leaders, or spiritual leaders all of them have a following they command and at times these leaders are used to influence the people they lead in order to satisfy certain goals. People in organizations will always respect their bosses simply because they are above them; and that they lead them especially those people heading unions that represent the rights of workers, students and religious based organization, most of the time they are taken seriously, even in times of declaring protests, demonstration, riots, strikes, and many more activities such as ejecting other people in offices simply because their territorial leaders have declared. Employees’ team spirit is a major contributor towards motivation at work places because of several other factors, including the relationship amongst them, and with the management. Good relationship is needed in all direction so that it improves the blame game that always interferes with group motivational abilities. Most employees will be seen as competing among one another only to spoil so much, this is a negative type of motivation since they have not realized how harmful the competition is to them. Hence employees need to realize they are one against many others out there, as a matter of concern they should convert their motivation of competing against one another, into a motivation of competing with the outside competitors. The managerial staff is in charge of many functions that go on in the organization and that they have the ability to influence employees positively and ethically in order to make them productive at will without violating the code of ethics. Employees’ rights should be observed carefully because it is very hard at times to realize that one is oppressing employees more so if the part of pay is high and the working conditions are bad. Employees   should provided with transport services to enable them to get to work early and at the end of the day they appreciate what they are offered since they remain with an excess that would have gone towards payments of transportation costs. Conclusion High performance organization can be defined as agro up setting only that it has way far standard than that of an ordinary group we all feel is still immature in a number of ways, although   it is hard maybe for some people to understand such a comparison because, generally the two are made up of people. Groups ought to be motivated   by giving them examples of high performing organization, the trend of their success so that they see it as an achievable value of improvement, otherwise its easy for members of a group to disbelieve and dismiss claim that a group can grow into an outstanding performer in future. Many might be believing that, unfair means e.g. corruption might work fast towards achieving the high status. Motivation theories at times don’t simply agree to one thing as a contributing factor of motivation, why are we doing things we always do? Money is a form of external extrinsic factors of motivation we encounter in our day to day life not to forget other extrinsic factors such as promises of reward if one performs best at a given work., threat to do something; like running fast to avoid being mugged, scrambling for little food in order not to starve is intrinsic factor of motivation, but salivating to food upon seeing them on display is an extrinsic factor of motivation. Such ways of describing how motivational factors work need a closer understanding by reading almost the whole explanation of how motion is related to our environment, physiology, society, and our psychology. References Anderson. N. 2001. Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organization Psychology. Sage, ISBN 0761964894. Sanford. C. A and Bracey. J. H 1977. Human Relationship: The Theory and Practice of Organizational Behavior.Merill. ISBN 0675085055. Steers, R M. and Porter. W 1987 Motivation and Work Behavior.NY McGraw-hill How to cite Motivation Work Performance, Essay examples

Contract Formation Law and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Contract Formation for Law and Practice. Answer: Introduction: A contract is a document which creates legal relations between two or more parties, and in which two or more parties promise to do something, in exchange for a consideration[1]. A contract has six essential elements, which are an offer, an acceptance, a consideration, capacity, clarity and intent[2]. Consideration is a crucial element of a contract, and without a consideration, the contacts are considered void in majority of the cases[3]. In the following parts, the various aspects related to consideration have been highlighted. Consideration is the value which is promised by one of the contracting parties, during the formation of the contract, to the other contracting parties, for doing or from refraining to do the promised task. In short, consideration is the price for the promise made[4]. Without a consideration, the contract is void, unless such a contract is made to compensate, whether partly or wholly, for the promise which has already been fulfilled, or such a contract is written and registered within the applicable law, and is given on account of affection and natural love, amongst the contracting parties[5]. Consideration is one of the critical hinges, upon which the contracting system is based[6]. The consideration can be anything, which has certain value, and includes goods or series, which are generally exchanged under the contract, so as to give the validity to the contract. For a specific promise, the consideration exists when some benefit, right, interest or profit is accrued due to some responsibility or forbearance, which has been given or undertaken due by the promise[7]. It signifies that some kind of advantage or benefit has been passed on to a party, or some loss or detriment has been suffered by the other party. So, consideration has an evidentiary purpose in the eyes of the law, as it signifies loss, detriment, interest or benefit, undertaken or suffered by the other party[8]. The consideration has to be executed or executory, but it cannot be past. In other words, the consideration has to be brought into existence, either after or with the promise[9]. If the consideration comes before the promise, it is not considered a good consideration. In the case of Roscorla v Thomas[10], this very notion was held, and the judges concluded that the promise was not binding. This was because in this case, the sole consideration which was provided in the promise regarding the soundness of the horse was related to the entering in the original contract; and this happened even before the promise was made. Consideration can be anything which is decided between the parties, as long as it has an economic value[11]. In the case of Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd[12], Lord Somervell held that the consideration can stipulated by the contracting parties. This is a landmark case confirming the doctrine that the consideration needs not to be adequate, but has to be sufficient. As the wrappers were more than simply a condition which was precedent, the three wrappers were considered as a party of the consideration. In general parlance, adequacy and sufficiency, have same meaning, but when it comes to the legal parlance, adequacy relates to the situation in which the price which an individual pays is disproportionate to the value of the thing which the individual receives in return[13]. For instance, Harry pays a price of $50 for a duplex; in such a case, it can be said without a doubt that the consideration is not adequate. Though, the courts view that it is the personal wish of an individual to decide at which price they want to sell the products or services, and so, the validity of a contract is not affected by the inadequacy of consideration. In the case of Grogan v. Cooke[14], Manners LC stated that the court will not minutely check the consideration for being full or ample, if it is evident that bona fide, the consideration is fair. It is quite correct notion that the courts do not consider each and every consideration to be adequate or inadequate as it would prove cumbersome and impracticable for the courts. This is because it is beyond the means of the court to fix or ascertain a value for the good or services contained in the contract, before they are bought to the court. For a consideration to be taken as sufficient, it has to be clearly established in the eyes of law that the consideration has an economic value[15]. Along with the consideration having an economic value, it needs to be of a kind or in a manner in which is recognized in the eyes of the law. There have been various instances where the insufficient consideration is considered acceptable and lawful, and these include cases of natural love, affection, prayers, moral duty, amongst the other things. For instance, if an individual promised to carry out certain task, which was already obligated upon him by the law, in such a case, this would not amount to being a sufficient consideration to form a contract. This is because, here the individual simply repeats the obligation which is already required of them, and there is no new obligation. A duty which is already owed by the individual, the performance of such a duty is an insufficient consideration under the law[16]. In the case of Collins v Godefrey[17], after a subpoena had been issued to the plaintiff, he had given the evidence at the civil trial. Later on, the defendant made a promise where he would pay a fee of six guineas to the plaintiff. But, it was held subsequently that the owed fee could not be recovered by the plaintiff, due to the absence of a consideration for the promise, as he was under a legal obligation to attend the trial as per the subpoena. So, when the law imposes a public duty over an individual, it cannot be considered as a sufficient consideration. When an individual is bound by the terms of the pre-existing contract, which creates an obligation over the other party, the sufficiency of the consideration is absent[18]. If a promise is made by plaintiff to the other party, to carry out a promise which was previously made by the other party, in such a case, the consideration taken to be insufficient. This is because the plaintiff owes the promise to the other party already, due to the pre-existing contract, and hence, the promise is to meet the obligation which is already owed to the other party[19]. This can be seen in the matter of Stilk v Myrick[20], the plaintiff was under the obligation because of a pre-existing contract, to sail a ship from London to Baltic and bring it back. Before the ship could go back to London, two of the members of the crew jumped the ship. The work of the two members was done by the other crew members and as a kind gesture towards the crew, for doing the extra work, the captain promised, that the wages of the jumped crew members, would be divided between the rest of the crew members. But, upon returning to London, the ship owner refused to pay the promised extra wage. The claim made by the defendant was that the work done by the members was the one which the contract required them to undertake and so, no extra wages had to be paid. This reasoning was agreed upon the court and stated that the crew members had simply carried on the work, which was obligated on them, and which was to sail the ship back to home, as per their contract. Generally, affection and natural love are the promises which are made with the families. In the matter of Re Wilson[21], the father had made a promise to give his property to his son for love and affection. Following this, he made a promise to pay an allowance to his son, as assistance in the maintenance of the property. In this case, the judge Johnson J considered that the relationship between the case parties, along with the circumstances in which the dealing took place, made it impossible to hold this as a bounty by a father on his son, and not the making of a bargain which involved mutual consideration. In other words, the judge held that there was no agreement for a valuable consideration. The decision was rightly made in this case, as the father made a generous promise by giving his property to his son and the maintenance allowance. As has already been highlighted in the earlier parts, the court cannot decide the value of the time of son or the materials that are needed for the assistance or maintenance of the property, and so, it is difficult to agree with the decisions of the judges. In one of the Canadian cases of Zecevic v The Russian Orthodox Christ the Saviour Cathedral[22], the church, along with its priest was sued by the plaintiff, after the priest failed to perform the funeral service. The subject of money never arose between the priest and the plaintiff, the plaintiff had not paid any fees to the plaintiff for the funeral service, and a fee was not set for the funeral services. But, the experience of priest dictated that the payment for such series ranged from 0 to $800, and it customary to pay the priest for the funeral. Gray J, in t he Ontario High Court, stated that in the given case, there was an absence of an intention, to enter into legal relationship, as there was no promise regarding the payment. And this implies that there was an insufficient consideration in this agreement. In the case of Pando v. Fernandez[23], prayer was considered as an essential part of the contract amongst the parties. Since the efficiency of the prayer could not be measured or proved in any court, so, a prayer was not taken as a sufficient consideration. In this case, the plaintiff was very religious and he had claimed that he had made a purchase of the winning lottery ticket, the worth of which was $2.8 million, with the money of the defendant, as she had promised to give him a share of the prize money on equal basis, provided that he prayed to Saint Eleggua, and produce the lottery number of her ticket, so that she could win the lottery. The New York Supreme Court held that the plaintiff could not provide the evidence that the prayer was effective and that the prayers of the saint had resulted in the selection of the lottery numbers, which led to the winning of lottery. So, it cannot be proved that the terms of the contract had been complied with. Further, the court stated that an antithesis of proof or evidence is faith. Hence, an individual cannot establish that the prayers or faith has resulted in an event. The judges emphasized on the part that the prayer was the main question here and not the winning numbers. And so, the consideration was not sufficient in this case[24]. But when an act is done, which is beyond the duty stated, it can be considered as a valid consideration. An example of this is the case of Glasbrook Bros Ltd v Glamorgan[25], in which the plaintiff had requested the police to provide him with a guard for full time, which would protect the mine during the strike and in exchange, money was offered. The judges held that even though it was the duty of the police to protect, it was not their duty to provide an individual with a full time guard. And so, the payment for the guard service was a valid consideration, as it was beyond the call of duty. Also, if the duty covered in the pre-existing contract is exceeded, then it is taken to be sufficient consideration. In the case of Hartley v Ponsonby[26], the crew was offered addition money if they remained loyal and agreed to work in dangerous conditions. Since, this money was offered for something which was beyond their pre-existing contract, it was held to be a sufficient consideration. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that consideration is a crucial element to any contract and without a valid consideration, the contract is not valid. Though, there are various exceptions to this rule and these are the cases of contract covering prayer, moral duty, love and affection, amongst the other things. Consideration can be anything which is stipulated or fixed between the contracting parties, as long as it has an economic value. In the previous parts, the various aspects of contract were also highlighted. The consideration cannot be a past consideration and has to be executed or executory. Most importantly, a consideration can be inadequate, as the parties are free to decide what it is; but, it cannot be insufficient. The sufficiency of the consideration relates to the consideration having value in the eyes of law. So, it can be summarized that a consideration is an important element of a contracts, and has to be sufficient in the eyes of law, though it can be inadequate, due to the freedom provided to the parties, to choose what the consideration would be. Bibliography Andrews, A, Contract Law (Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed, 2015) Carter, JW, Peden, E, and Tolhurst, G, Contract Law in Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 5th ed, 2007) Elliott, C, and Quinn, F, Contract Law (Pearson Education Limited, 9th ed, 2013) Furmston, M, and Tolhurst, GJ, Contract Formation: Law and Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010) Gibson, A, and Fraser, D, Business Law 2014 (Pearson Australia, 2014) Latimer, P, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 31st ed., 2012) Macdonald, E, and Atkins, R, Koffman Macdonald's Law of Contract (Oxford University Press, 8th ed, 2014) McKendrick, E and Liu, Q, Contract Law: Australian Edition (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) Miller, R, and Jentz, G, Business Law Today: The Essentials (Thompson Advantage Books, 8th ed, 2007) Poole, J, Casebook on Contract Law (Oxford University Press, 2016) Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] AC 87 Collins v Godefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Glasbrook Bros Ltd v Glamorgan [1925] AC 270 Grogan v. Cooke (1812) 2 Ball B 230 Hartley v Ponsonby (1857) 7 EB 872 Pando v. Fernandez, 127 Misc.2d 224 (N.Y. Sup Ct. 1984) Re Wilson (1933) IR 729 Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Zecevic v The Russian Orthodox Christ the Saviour Cathedral [1988] O.J. No. 1282 Australian Contract Law, Consideration (2015) https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html#considpast Alden, S, Ottaway, A, and Tetstall, J, Australia: Drafting contracts: guidance on managing ambiguity (2012) https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/163072/Contracts+Deeds/Drafting+contracts+guidance+on+managing+ambiguity Casetext, Pando V. Fernandez (2017) https://casetext.com/case/pando-v-fernandez-2 Hong, C, What are the elements of a contract? (29 July 2015) https://www.hillhouse.com.au/legal-question/what-are-the-elements-of-a-contract/ Lawyer, Creating a Contract (2017) https://www.lawyer.ie/company-law/creating-a-legally-enforceably-contract/ The Law Handbook, Elements of a contract (30 June 2015) https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/

The short story Red Candle Essay Example For Students

The short story Red Candle Essay The three characters I will compare and analysis include; Lindo Jong (from the short story Red Candle by Amy Tan), Mary Maloney (from the short story Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl) and An-Mei Hsu (from the short story Scar and Magpies by Amy Tan). I will be focusing on how these characters react towards their situations of confinement, which they face with different ways. They also face a dilemma and use their own methods solve their problems. The married Mary Maloney; she is a pregnant housewife whom daily waits patiently, her husbands arrival home from work. Her isolation and devotion for her husband seems at vain when her husband declares that he wants a divorce. At this point Mary turns to anger, jealousy and revenge by murdering him. She understands that if she was caught, it could lead to her death and perhaps her unborn child. Mary turns to deceit and covers up any possibility to find her guilty. At Lindos side of the story, she goes through the terrible experience of being isolated from her family when they leave her with the signed marriage. Living with the Huang family for many years, she bears loathe of being separated from her family, ordered around by the Huangs and to live with her despised marriage. One day she decided to escape her marriage as well as sticking to her committed promise to her family. We will write a custom essay on The short story Red Candle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By using her gathered knowledge of those around her; she cunningly devises a plan to escape her marriage and win her freedom. In the story Scar, it tells of An-Meis life and how she experiences being hidden from her mother or rather being told the truth. I take this into account as An-Mei being confined from her mothers presence in her childhood. However, once her Popo had passed away; she decided to stay with her mother and to lead a different life that her Popo, uncle and auntie have all despised of. In An-Meis second story, Magpies, it tells of how An-Mei lives with her mother in Wu Tsings house. In the end, An-Mei learns of the truth of her mother and her suffering and takes her mothers sacrifice to lead on her own life with more quality as her mother had wished to happen. Mary is faced with separation from her husband for hours daily. She patiently waits everyday for her husband to come home from work, looking forward to his company. This form of confinement is accepted by Mary, who loves her husband and intends to have a family. Her marriage to her husband and her pregnancy sacrifices a portion of her freedom. However, her only reaction to this is none but giving in to this confinement as a forfeit for love for her husband:  For her, this was always a blissful time of the day, She loved to luxuriate in the presence of this man. One could say that her confinement was a sacrifice for love.  An-Mei lived in a childhood where all sense of her mother had left her. Her forgotten memory of her mother was due to the ignoring held by Popo and the family that banished An-Meis mother. She grew to know almost nothing of her mother. However, she never felt such hatred towards her own mother as the rest of her family did:  And I would stare at my mother. She did not look evil. I wanted to touch her face, the one that looked like mine However, no matter how much An-Mei liked her mother she was far too young and Popo and the rest of the family were too opposed towards letting An-Mei stay with her mother. An-Meis Popo always told her that her mother was worthless and shameful. An-Mei began to come to think of her mother as they did: imagine my mother, a thoughtless woman who laughed and shook her head However, when An-Mei saw her mother again at the mourning of her Popo, An-Mei felt love for her: yet I cam to love this mother as well. .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .postImageUrl , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:hover , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:visited , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:active { border:0!important; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:active , .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34 .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35e00569b3bf4945894fa76f252f7d34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Book Review of Cold Mountain EssayAlthough we can assume that An-Mei wanted to be with her mother, their separation and confinement from each other was cast upon them. However, in Amy Tans second short story of An-Mei, Magpies, An-mei had also another part of her freedom taken away from her. She had no choice but to stay in the house of Wu Tsing with her mother. Similar to Mary however, An-mei was content. With the luxuries provided by Wu Tsing and to stay with her beloved mother, An-mei was satisfied with her life: If I look upon my whole life, I cannot think of another time when I felt more comfortable: when I had no worries  Throughout all the years Lindo had stayed with the Huangs, she had always been stuck in her dilemma of hating to serve them, to have no freedom and to feel the creeping dread of to have to marry Tyan-Yu one day: After a while, I hurt so much I didnt feel any difference, I stayed up all night crying about my marriage. However, since Lindo was true to her promise, she obediently served the Huangs indisputably:  But I was so determined to honor my parents words, so Huang Taitai could never accuse my mother of losing face.  Similar to Mary, Lindo had sacrificed her freedom for something that held significance to her, in Lindos case it was her promise. However, An-Meis situation of separation was forced upon her unlike the other two characters. In contrast to Lindo, Mary and An-mei both had a content life.

Insure vs. Ensure

Insure vs. Ensure Insure vs. Ensure Insure vs. Ensure By Maeve Maddox When in a recent post I used the word insure in a context that had nothing to do with underwriting, more than one reader wrote to chide me for not using the word ensure. I’ll confess. The rule that insure must be used only in the context of indemnifying against loss is one that has never penetrated to my subconscious. I’ve read the rule. I’ve even written about the rule, but I can’t seem to rid myself of the idea that ensure is British spelling for insure. The verb ensure entered the language in the Middle Ages. The earliest OED citation is 1385. The earliest documentation for insure is 1440. Until the 17th century, the forms ensure and insure were used interchangeably with a variety of meanings, including that of insuring a person’s life or property against loss. According to OED citations, ensure was still being used in the 18th century with the meaning of buying insurance: â€Å"The price of ensuring the Life of a Man of 20 (1693).† And in the late 19th century, insure was still being used in contexts in which the modern rule requires ensure: â€Å"An ardour which could hardly fail to insure success (1862).† The Penguin Writer’s Manual notes that the verb â€Å"generally used in the active form to mean â€Å"make (something) certain† is ensure,† but also notes that ensure is often spelled insure in American English. For modern writers of American English, however, both The Chicago Manual of Style and The AP Stylebook urge the distinction: Ensure is the general term meaning to make sure something will (or won’t) happen. In best usage, insure is reserved for underwriting financial risk. –CMOS Use ensure to mean guarantee. Use insure for references to insurance. –AP Use ensure when you mean guarantee. Reserve insure for talking about a financial arrangement meant to secure the payment of a sum of money in the event of loss or damage: Worn or damaged parts are replaced to ensure the safety. They go all the way to ensure the comfort and satisfaction of their passengers. How to Properly  Insure  Your Home  Against  Winter Weather   Insuring Against  The High Costs Of Cancer   Your renters’ policy will state exactly what youre  insured against. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?Empathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback

International Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Product Life Cycle - Essay Example The firm with the innovative product serves the home market first and then exports the product to foreign markets. This point can be clearly supported by the following statement. Many of the products found in the world's markets were originally created in the United States before being introduced and refined in other countries. In most instances, regardless of whether a product is intended for later export or not, innovation is initially designed with an eye to capture the U.S. market, the largest consumer nation. In the second phase, production starts in foreign countries either through licensing or re-engineering of the product. Importing countries in the initial stages, generally, wealthy countries import innovative products gain product familiarity. As product familiarity increases, demand in the foreign markets expands. This attracts more players and results in manufacturing in foreign countries. (Hill W.L) This production in foreign countries slowly replaces exports of the innovative firm. In the third phase, firms manufacturing in foreign countries gain production experience and move down the cost curve. Sometimes they manage to produce the goods at a lower cost than is possible for the innovative firms. ... Of these, only three are U.S. firms, with the rest being from Western Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Brazil, and Malaysia. In the fourth phase, these foreign firms have adequate product experience and economies of scale to export their products to the innovator's home country. Black-and-white television sets, for example, are no longer manufactured in the United States because many Asian firms can produce them much less expensively than any U.S. firm. Consumers' price sensitivity exacerbates this problem for the initiating country. Some of the key characteristics and features of a product are its quality, styling, and performance. These characteristics are affected by consumer needs, conditions of product use, and ability to buy. The factors that affect product attributes change from country to country. For example, in the US, bicycling is a recreational activity. So buyers want their cycles to be lightweight and have the speed that is essential for rapid touring. However, in Nigeria, the bicycle is often a measure of transportation and customers prefer cycles that are heavy and durable. In Nigeria, speed and lightness are not the criteria for purchase decision-making. Looking at these four phases, one can deduce that in the first phase the product was new. In the second phase, the product was maturing. In the third and fourth phases, the product gets standardized. In phase four, the product becomes a commodity. In this phase, the product is manufactured in less-developed countries and exported to developed countries. Understanding this cycle helps international marketing managers to understand the patterns of international trade and production and helps them in preparing a logistics plan.

EHarmony Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EHarmony - Assignment Example ess allowed people to register and specify what they were looking for, and feedback would allow them to be part of the revolution (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 9). The fact that some of eHarmony’s competition had other online businesses made the business base a little trickier. Match, considered as eHarmony’s major competition, had other online businesses that people trusted and relied on for various activities. This worked toward increasing the customers that embraced their services. The expansion the company worked on overseas made it easy to acquire customers from different regions. The competition also focused on services and products that were similar to eHarmony (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 11). This made the company face serious competition like it had not witnessed during its inception. Waldorf would have to go for the final option. The rapid expansion option would work toward broadening the consumer base the company already has. The fact that they would have to venture into a different region may ensure that their products and services are accepted by more people seeking short and long term preferences when it came to courting and srelations. The final option also assumes that failure to expand might allow competitors in the same business to capitalize and eventually, lock them out of that market (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 14). The patterns recorded in the US can be used because people tend to emulate what happens in the United States. However, a more research must be conducted to find out the exact patterns that may be exhibited in these new

Individual Critical Reflection On Learning Outcomes Marketing Essay

Individual Critical Reflection On Learning Outcomes Marketing Essay Tag Games is formed in 2006 as an independent game development studio and publisher by 3 game manufacturer veterans eager to bring new experiences to mobile gaming primarily, and then to further platforms. The 1st heading Dead Water was launched on J2ME mobile phones in Sept 2006 to extensive very important praise. Since then the studio has developed a desirable status for modernization and excellence, structure strategic partnerships with several main games developers and development studios all around the world. Having achieved success in the beginning period 2007 Tag raised seed deal from successive Scottish technology industrialist Bill Dobbie and they funded in middle of 2007 to enlarge manufacture ability and to allow a more hostile move toward the licensing and publication activity. Tag Games was featured as no.23 in the 02/ Real business 50 in 2007 to watch in Mobile listing, a greeting acknowledgment of the excellence of the studios games and potential of the business strategy. Marketing Plan for Back on the saddle game. Most of the mobile games developers develop the games basing on the news events. Marketing plan illustrates the market segments and strategies, which we are employing to get customers and create good revenue stream. We always develop the games with real life twist, which always give advantage over our competitors by giving customers a new outlet to enjoy mobile games. We will fund development of our own game by providing consulting services to create similar games for corporations who are looking to create mobile games for promotional purposes. The consulting project will come from advertising sponsorship relationships that we will establish with companies who are interested in embedding their brand and offers inside our other games and would also like something more custom that they can offer as their own game. In first few years of the business, we expect consulting to constitute a large portion of our revenue stream. Vision Our Vision is to provide people with a fun over the course of their normal day. We create games that are easy to play. We develop games basing on the real life situations and on life styles of different country people. This unique feature always helps us in winning the customers. We also help the customers in understanding the various cultures. Our software development team is experienced to create timely games quickly. Our marketing challenge is to attract visibility quickly and we intend to accomplish this by leveraging a multi-pronged approach that involves social media, email marketing and search engine optimization strategies to gain market share. As we gain traction in the marketplace, word of mouth will lift our game downloads significantly Goals Boost sales by 100% by the end of year 1. To be a mile stone in traditional game development within two years. To set up reliability among the clients. Our goal is to establish a reputation for games that poke fun at what many would consider humorous actions by well-known people. Our aim is to create the most innovative and fun casual games in the whole wide world! Target Customers Ideal customers is between the ages of 15 and 25 who enjoys playing video games and has a mobile phone that allows applications to be downloaded, such as the moderate to high end mobile phones. Customers usually have play station or TV-based video game unit at home. Some of the even have a portable gaming unit such as the DS/DSI and other portable gadgets. Most of the customers have access to a home computer, pc or Mac. Most of the customers are teenagers living at home, others are college students or who have joined the workforce in the last 6 years. They have a wide range of disposable income. Market Definition and Segmentation We target two segments: Mobile game users. Organizations that want to reach them. In the above segments, customers enjoy creative experiences and computer and mobile phone savvy. Free mobile games: Some features of free versions are disabled and advertising is displayed in some strategic locations within the game so that users are not bothered or distracted by the ads. For example, a shoes company pays for a sponsorship and we might embed their name as a tappable billboard that appears as if it is part of the game itself. We offer trail versions of our games for free so that users can get a taste of the full game without committing any money up front. Paid mobiles games: Paid mobile games contain a broader set of features. The price was fixed to create very low price resistance for customers. Games are accessible via instant download on their mobile platforms. Paid games are monetized via clickable ad sponsorships embedded within the games. Organizations that want to reach youth: There are customers who purchases custom mobile game development services. Their intent is to promote their brand and products to the demographic that overlaps with mobile game users. Target Market Segment Strategy: Strategies focus on developing an initial set of libraries containing game attributes that can be combined to create new games. After launching the game, we will stay in regular contact with our customers via numerous online methods, including social media and email marketing. After creating these libraries and games, we will be able to market fast-turnaround consulting services to organizations who would like their own promotional games. Target Mobile Game Users: Our mobile games have a timely connection to current news events. Due to which we release new games basing on previous and present news. For example, we created a cow boy character in back to the saddle game. And we create the new versions considering the latest political scandals, celebrity comments. The mobile game users enjoy interacting with games that give them a sense of power and excitement, allowing them in some way to live vicariously through the game. Most of our games are help in increasing the users concentration levels. Needs and Requirements: Mobile games users always get tired quickly and are constantly looking for new games to play. We target the news media so they discuss games related to the stories they are covering. Our target stories are taken from all around the World. Generally teens get money from their parents to purchase games, which can be from low paying jobs or allowances. Teens also have limited financial capacity yet choose to spend part of their disposable income on game as one of their sources of entertainment. Most of the mobile users have limited financial capacity. Customers always talk to each other about which games they enjoy, including strategies for playing and winning. They also participate in online forums and discussion group to gather tips and other information to help them play or to find new challenges. Most of the customers enjoy being listed as the high score when there is a public setting available for players. We intend to offer this public setting by allowing the customer to upload their score to our web site for each game. The highest scores will be posted, giving the player worldwide bragging rights. As a result, the word of mouth potential for timely games is explosive. We emphasize more on focusing on creativity along with spectacular service and speed of development for our consulting clients. It is important for us to get to market quickly in order to capitalize on the news event that is associated with game. The longer the delay between game conception and game release, the less the penetration of that game. Distribution Channels: Approaching senior marketing executives is typically done through a variety of means. Our finances and resources are limited, so we need to manage them effectively. We focus on two aspects: Advertising Networking The advertising will primarily be online via search engine ads so we see the results within days instead of not knowing whether a print ad has effect. We have identified 4 trade shows and 3 conferences that these executives typically attend over the course of a year. Part of our marketing plan is to attend these events to network with these potential buyers. We also will submit response to calls for papers to be speakers at some of the events when possible. Blackberry applications are controlled by Blackberry through Blackberry App world. Their users tend to be older and more focused on business uses for their mobile devices. Because of this, we will not focus our initial efforts on Blackberry. However, we do have the expertise to build Blackberry applications and will create custom games for this device for consulting clients who would like them. iphone games are distributed through the Appstore which is currently controlled by Apple. One of the obstacles we have to overcome is the speed with which apple approves applications for downloading, which will be important for us since our games have a time sensitive nature to them as they will be popular as long as a new story is in circulation. Googles Android offers an open source model so they will likely surpass the iphone in the number of applications available soon. This also eliminates the need for review and allows us to post new applications quickly. As more applications come out for this device, it will gain market share. We want to be positioned so that we provide excellent games for the community. Competitive Forces: There are many mobile game developers. Most games are developed by one person who does not have the marketing savvy to integrate advertising sponsorships into their games as we have outlined in this marketing plan. Our unique twists on the type of the games is also an advantage because we will not have to spend as much time and energy thinking of the game themes. The news of the day will provide that folders so our efforts can be concentrated on developing that real-life story into a game. There are many software developers targeting organizations to build custom games. Some are developing games overseas at lower cost. Even some larger domestic companies outsource portions of their game development. In order to keep up with pricing pressures, we have established ties with one overseas organization to help us with game development as we release new games and create the component libraries. Communications: We leverage word of mouth and social media for the vast majority of our marketing using platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Orkut. These platforms are widely used by the customers in our demographic market. We will make announcements via regular tweets and updates to our fan page on Facebook. We also use email marketing list which is comprised of people who have expressed interest in knowing when we release new games. We have segmented our email list so that we can send appropriate emails to media and different ones to actual gamers, our customers. We also develop an online ad campaign with landing pages containing lead generation forms that visitors can fill out to get whitepapers on using mobile gaming to attract customers. We also network at major trade shows and conferences, including obtaining engagements where we can discuss case studies to expose our concepts and strategies to the right level of buyer. Each game will contain a link to our web site where users can find out about more games and subscribe to our email list and follow us on Twitter and Facebook. To help promote games via word of mouth, each game has the option to notify a friend. So, a user can send a text message to a friend instantly to share their excitement or recommendation about the game. Budget: Marketing expenses are mostly for staff required to do the marketing activities listed. The vast majority of the software tools needed to implement the activities, such as analytics and landing page creation, are available for free. The exceptions to this are for specific tools like email marketing and forums. We do not expect an increase in marketing staff requirements during year 1 because one person can actually do a lot of these activities. Once they have put marketing plan processes into place, the marketing activities upkeep becomes easier and can handle by junior staff. Below is breakdown of marketing expenses by month for year 1. Keys to Success: Many companies leveraged the power of mobile games to reach their market, however we will show case studies which is the primary key to success. This can be tracked using metrics such as the number of times a gamer clicked on an ad embed into a game, the number of times a custom game was downloaded or an increase in sales of the product being promoted. Success can also be tracked by industry buzz. For example, fast food chain burger king created a Facebook application that allowed users to earn points for unfriending one of their friends. This application would show the image of the friend burning. Upon burning 10 friends, the user would be entitled to a free burger. This application spread very quickly and quite a few Facebook users enjoyed participating. This campaign did two things: generated traffic into restaurants and generated a tremendous amount of media buzz. It cost significantly less than a paid advertising campaign involving television time purchases. Our posting to social media sites will include a trackable link so we know how many people click on each post. Using online tools like link redirectors. We can also see how many readers repost or forward such links. We will also include trackable links within our email marketing messages. People who want more information about the game will be directed to landing pages, which are web pages that contain more information about the game, which includes details about the game and the links to download the game. These landing pages will be optimized for search engines so that when internet user search on various keywords, our pages will rank highly in their search results. The usage of online analytics tools helps to enable to see how many people click on various links in our media campaigns to go to the landing pages and how many clicks to download each game. On the other hand, online clicks cannot track users who use their mobile phones to download the apps directly, which may comprise the bulk of our downloads. For those, tracking of downloads is provided by the platform such as Appstore. We estimate that one of every ten people who visit the landing page or see a tweet or Facebook post will download a game. The average sale price estimated based on paid downloads as well as sales of advertising sponsorships and custom game development. Sales Forecast: Sales forecast is a difficult area of management. We have three sources for sales: Custom games development: This will be consulting projects to develop promotional games. Game downloads: This includes free and paid downloads. The free downloads are monetized from embedded advertising sponsorships. Embedded advertising sponsorships: ads embedded in both free and paid games. Sales Monitoring: Sales must be constantly monitored to ensure that targets are being reached and revenue is being generated. The best way to do this is by comparing sales against pre-determined targets which we have. The revenue generated from sale should also be tracked against the companys budget. Â  Sale achieved should be reported on a regular basis so monitoring can take place. It is sometimes not always obvious when a deal has been closed, so a reporting template to record sales may be helpful in this process. This template can also capture prospects that are being worked on so there is overall view of the sales pipeline. In monitoring Process, it is good to understand why a sale has been successful, and why a sale was not made. This can help us readjust our approach or learn about competitors so that the sale can be won the next time. Progress Monitoring: We created a variety of key metrics that will measure on a regular basis, to make sure we are on the track. These require many adjustments and fine tuning as we progress. INDIVIDUAL CRITICAL REFLECTION ON LEARNING OUTCOMES The Tag Games Company sets forth a clear mission statement that is outlined with three major principals in mind that outline the companys values and motivates its employees. Their mission statement is divided into two parts: Product mission Economic mission Social mission Further defines the companys outlook on how they should impact the world. By using clear energizing goals and communicative goals, the mission statement of Tag Games provides a motivating ideal that its employees can strive for. The Tag Games Company has a mission statement that motivates its employees to want to produce a good product. The Tag Games mission statement is divided into three subsections that make it simpler to see what the overall goal is. The subsections are product, economic and social missions. Each area addresses energizing goals as well as communicative goals to provide a clear and motivating mission statement. Energizing goals state the intent of the company and what goals the organization would like to achieve. Under the product mission, it is stated that their goal is to make, distribute and sell the finest thought provoking games. This is the primary mission of Tag Games because they are in the business of selling games. It is also the first subsection in their mission statement, they are saying that this is who we are and this is what we do. Tag Games is a games company, so the first line makes sense because it simply states what the primary goal of the company is to make games. Along with this line, there are more lines about serving the society and using the morals. These statements add a sort of validity to the business of making Games. These statements add a sort of validity to the business of creating games. Employees reading this might feel like they are doing the world a service by working for Tag Games. These sorts of statements are designed to make the employees feel like they are making a better product, better for the people who play the game and better for the rest of the world too. A portion of people that work for Tag Games as well as a portion of their customers base will place great importance on the companys outlook on the style and creativity of the games. The goals in the first paragraph are clear organizational goals and will make some of the employees that work there feels good about working there. The next portion of their mission statement goes into their economic mission. The economic mission states that part of their mission is to expand opportunities for development and growth for their employees. This is a sort of communicative goal. By making expansion a part of their economic mission for the purpose of providing opportunity, it becomes in the interest of all employees to work hard for expansion. By adding this section into their mission statement, Tag Games is communicating to every employee that it is their duty to help expand the business to create even more opportunity for current and future employees. Every employ gains from the economic mission includes increasing revenue for investors and making profit. Most companies will include profit making for investors and increasing revenue because stating this in the mission statement can attract investors. The final area that is included in their mission statement is the social mission that Tag Games has outlined for its organization. They state that because business plays a vital role in society that they should initiate ways to improve conditions locally, nationally and internationally. This paragraph basically outlines how to be a good citizen or neighbor within the community. A certain portion of the employee population will feel inspired by this portion of the mission statement and get increased job satisfaction from working at Tag Games. Working in the community and coexisting with neighbors is good for the company as well as being good for the employees. When the whole picture is put together, the values that Tag Games is trying to push in their mission statement is clear. Respect for nature, helping one another and being good neighbors to each other sums up the Tag Games mission statement. Their mission statement is very idyllic, but it is a good idea that many people would take to heart. The mission statement of Tag Games sets the tone for all employees and creates a positive impression of their company. The employees of Tag Games are probably very motivated to work for a company that has so much social conscientiousness and basic love for fellow man. It is definitely a feel good kind of mission statement. I always felt that marketing play a major role in promoting a product. However I never had a clear picture of importance of growth of the company and values. Tag Games, successful employment relations has seen the company become a leader within the gaming and development industry. Marketing and employment relations are equally important aspects to the successful operation of all businesses, through correct marketing businesses can expect to grow and expand, both in size and profitability. Tag games have employed a range of strategies to accomplish its aims and become a more competitive player within the aviation industry. With the development of new game, individual strategies will need to be used to help the business succeed. Role of marketing in the growth of the company The role of marketing is to connect the business with its target market. Marketing is the major link between the business and its customers. As the market changes and becomes more competitive, the business needs to know and understand its target market so it can provide better service to its customers. Successful marketing will identify customers needs, and then, plan price, promote and distribute the products and service that will satisfy these needs. This way the business goals of increased profit and greater share of the market can be achieved. But continually researching customers and monitoring the business environment, marketing provides the information the business needs in order to change direction on adjust its tactics by providing new product or changing existing products. The objectives and strategies of the marketing plan are used to determine the plans of the other functions such as operations, employment relations, and accounting and finance. Management has recognized t he role of marketing in business success and so continually researches its market and modifies its marketing strategies to meet customer needs and wants. Setting Marketing Objectives The next step in the marketing planning process is setting the marketing objectives. The objectives establishes in the business plan will be the guide for the marketing objectives. Tag Games main objective is to make a profit, both in the current and long terms. The overall goal is to provide a satisfactory return to investors and to generate enough profit in reserve to fund growth and the development of the new games. Tag Games main objective is to sell its games at affordable prices that will ensure enough demand to sustain its profit objectives. However there are other objectives, Such as increase sales, increase customer service, decrease operating costs, increase market share. Planning Planning is essential for successful marketing. In order to carry out the marketing program, a business needs a plan that will help it to achieve its objectives. For each business marketing plan is going to be different depending on the size and nature of the business. The marketing plan involves 5 stages these includes: Marketing mix As the gaming industry has become more competitive, the competitors have focused on product planning. Tag Games designs products to be attractive and hold customers from a particular market segment and to do so profitably. This means using its detailed understanding of the needs and requirements of its different market segments. Such understanding is acquired through market research. In gaming industry customer always get bored after completing the levels in the game. They always want something new which is not present in the market. To achieve this Tag Games always comes with creative ideas to develop new games. Price is an important element in any marketing plan. Strategies for promotion the new game. Image of Tag Games in the society. Advertising Sales promotion Strategies of Marketing A business can use a number of different strategies to reach the same objective, and a combination of different strategies can be used. Whichever strategies are used they must meet a number of basic points. Meet the objectives of the business and marketing plans Satisfy the needs of the target markets Work together in achieving marketing objectives. Tag Games uses market segmentation to better meet the needs of all its customers, to compete more effectively, and to attain financial goals more readily. Tag Games is launching new game called Back on the saddle which is targeting on youth and teenagers. Positioning is the image that Tag Games projects in relation to its competitors. Tag Games brings attention to its games by using a variety of positioning strategies. Situational Analysis The situational analysis looks at the market n terms of size and growth, needs of the target market and trends in buyer behavior. The performance of the products or service in terms of sales, profit margins and stage in the product lifecycle are examined. Major competitors are identified and analyzed in terms of marketing and stage in the product lifecycle is examined. Major competitors are identified and analyzed in terms of marketing strategies. A major part of such as market share, loyal customers, level of customer satisfaction and product quality. Marketing Plan Implementation Process of implementing Tag Games marketing plan into action. The marketing department of TagGames continually monitors, controls and adjusts its marketing activities using the following tools; Comparing actual and planned results using a number of tools. Revising market strategies and taking corrective action where appropriate. Developing a financial forecast of revenue using models, past sales data, executive judgment and surveys of customer trends. It then estimates costs such as market research cost, promotion costs. Tag Games marketing plan and strategies are effective because of the following: Focus on market research. Identify and satisfy customer needs. Encourage new product development. Comprehensive marketing plan and strategies. Apart from these, working on various projects has given me varied experience on the basis of which I have decided that marketing is where I would like to base my future. A career in marketing would give me an opportunity to work across boundaries of industry definitions with a number of industries ranging from consumer goods to innovative communication and high tech markets. The project helped me gain exposure, insight, knowledge and hands-on experience with time environment. The Project also helped me in understanding consumer buying behavior entails marketing, relationships, and consumer behavior. Consumer behavior comprises all the consumer decisions and activities connected with the choosing, buying, using and disposing of goods and services. I learned that marketers must pay very close attention to consumer behavior that occurs before the purchase and after the particular product has been used. Studying consumer habits is one of the steps in marketing search and analysis. In add ition to other basic principles of consumer buying habits, marketers also need to study the decision and actions of real people. If companies does not have the correct or necessary information about the competitors and market, bad business decisions occur, leading to companies not making marketing decisions without knowing specific details about their customers. I have understood and learned the planning and implementing marketing promotions to capture the market, within given budget constraints. And various methods of approaching companies marketing head for contracts or business deals. The bottom line of my experience is, every business is to attract customers continuously. It takes more than a good product or service; it takes serious planning and committed people working the plan.

An Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay -- My Last Duc

An Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning â€Å"My Last Duchess† is written as a dramatic monologue, which is a poem that is read as if on stage, talking to an audience or character in a play. This method of writing has been used because the poem wants to give one perspective, the Duke’s, in an effective manner. By using this technique, Browning is also silencing the antagonist, the Duchess, and becoming the protagonist. The rhyming scheme consists of rhyming couplets, which give the poem a sense of order, and make the speaker, the Duke in this case, seem well educated and in control of their emotions and actions. These methods of writing help show the character of the protagonist and the way he viewed the traditions during the Victorian times. There are two different views in which this poem can be interpreted, the Marxist, and the feminist. The Marxist view interprets the poem as if the Duke thinks of everything as his object, and the feminist viewpoint makes the Duke look as if he doesn’t treat the Duchess as he should. The Duke’s personality is revealed by different aspects in the poem, for example the rhyming scheme, rhyming couplets, makes the poem flow more easily, which leaves no gaps for interruption. This shows the Duke’s love of being the centre of attention and being in control. The Duke also shows this keenness of control when he says the painting is of â€Å"my last Duchess†, showing he treated her as just another article in his collection of art. The Duke also mentions Frà   Pandolph in his conversation with the count’s servant, showing he is proud of the painting he has of the Duchess and he is showing off about having a great artist to paint this picture that he calls â€Å"a wonder†. How... ...round the abuses and unhealthy attainment of material goods in the Victorian society. The Duke is shown to be a very materialistic person in the way he speaks of the Duchess as if she were an object he had acquired instead of a loving wife. I said `Frà ¡ Pandolph’ by design: This shows the Duke’s materialism, because he is showing off about having such a good artist paint a picture of his last Duchess. The Duke also takes innocent, worthless things, to us, like his â€Å"nine-hundred-years-old name†, which she, according to the Duke, took from him like it was anything else she had been given before by a man. Near the end of the poem, the Duke’s love of control and materialism is summed up in one passage, in which he thinks himself as a powerful God taming a beautiful, excitable animal: Notice Neptune, though, Taming a seahorse, thought a rarity.